Translation: Academic/medical

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/304/13/1472

Evaluating the Risks of Clinical Research

The ethical appropriateness of clinical research depends on protecting participants from excessive risks. Yet no systematic framework has been developed to assess research risks, and as a result, investigators, funders, and review boards rely only on their intuitive judgments. Because intuitive judgments of risk are subject to well-documented cognitive biases, this approach raises concern that research participants are not being adequately protected. To address this situation, we delineate a method called the systematic evaluation of research risks (SERR), which evaluates the risks of research interventions by comparing these interventions with the risks of comparator activities that have been deemed acceptable. This method involves a 4-step process: (1) identify the potential harms posed by the proposed research intervention; (2) categorize the magnitude of the potential harms into 1 of 7 harm levels on a harm scale; (3) quantify or estimate the likelihood of each potential harm;

Legal English: SB1070 Review Exercise (original complaint)

In US v. Arizona the United States seeks to _____ invalid and preliminarily and permanently _____ the enforcement of S.B. 1070, as amended and _____ by the State of Arizona, because S.B. 1070 is _____ by federal law and therefore violates the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution.


enacted    enjoin    preempted    declare


The plaintiff argues that the federal government has _____ authority to regulate immigration _____ under the US Constitution and that a state may not establish its own immigration _____ or _____ state laws in a manner that interferes with the federal immigration laws. The Constitution and the federal immigration laws do not permit the development of a _____ of state and local immigration policies throughout the country.

matters     policy    preeminent    patchwork    enforce


S.B. 1070’s provisions, working in concert and separately, seek to _____ and punish _____ entry and presence by requiring, whenever practicable, the determination of immigration _____ during any lawful stop by the police where there is “reasonable suspicion” that an individual is _____ present, and by establishing new state criminal _____ against _____ present aliens.

unlawful    deter    sanctions    unlawfully(2)    status


The US maintains that the Arizona legislation pursues only one goal – “_____” – and ignores the many other objectives that Congress has established for the federal immigration system. And even in pursuing _____, S.B. 1070 _____ federal _____ priorities and resources that focus on aliens who _____ a threat to national security or public safety. If allowed to _____,

pose    disrupts    enforcement    go into effect    attrition(2)


the US charges, 1070’s mandatory enforcement _____ will _____ with and _____ the federal government’s careful balance of immigration _____ priorities and objectives. For example, it will impose significant and counterproductive _______ on the federal agencies charged with enforcing the national immigration _____, diverting resources and attention from the dangerous aliens who the federal government targets as its top _____ priority.

conflict    undermine    enforcement(2)    scheme(2)    burdens


It will cause the _____ and _____ of authorized visitors, immigrants, and citizens who do not have or _____ identification documents specified by the statute, or who otherwise will be swept into the _____ of S.B. 1070’s “_____ through _____” approach.

harassment    detention    carry    ambit    attrition    enforcement



The US states that Congress, which _____ exclusive authority for establishing alien _____ categories and setting the conditions of aliens’ entry and continued presence, has _____ decided that _____ presence – standing alone – should not subject an alien to criminal _____ and incarceration although unlawful presence may subject the alien to the civil _____ of removal.

status    affirmatively    holds    penalties    unlawful    remedy



The United States seeks the following _____: (1) a _____ judgment stating that Sections 1-6 of S.B. 1070 are invalid, null, and _____ ; (2) a _____ and a permanent injunction against the State of Arizona, and its officers, agents, and employees, prohibiting the _____ of Sections 1-6 of S.B. 1070.

declaratory    relief     preliminary     enforcement    void

Legal English: Employment

Restrictive Covenants/Non-Compete Clauses

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rl1MlfO0f1A

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHeSzMfLLlc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CtwOo6wruM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UA-90gjExDg&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoH_3SOS_Uw&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Tj5kg9dc9U&feature=related


9 Things to Know about Employment Contracts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz0UmH7DM6A

Vital points for drawing up employment contracts [Venturelab TV]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTcnj3xOJ7Y

Prime 6: The Meaning of Dreams

NBC's Today: What do Your Dreams Mean?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbkJR45x_QU

Prime 7: HUMOR / Lucy

I Love Lucy
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=i+love+lucy&oq=i+love+lucy&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=9724l12003l0l12334l11l10l0l3l3l0l355l1039l0.1.2.1l4l0

5A - School and Beyond

CNNMoney.com Video / College Prestige versus Value
http://money.cnn.com/video/news/2010/05/25/n_college_value_versus_prestige.cnnmoney/

EducationUSA Video:
http://www.youtube.com/EducationUSAtv

Masschusetts College of Art / Living on Campus:
http://www.youtube.com/user/MassArtEdu

Harvard University English as a Second Language Program: http://www.iel.harvard.edu/about/video/;jsessionid=FMHJHEEDJEDE

Casa Thomas Jefferson's EducationUSA Advising Office (EAO):
http://www.thomas.org.br/serviços/estude-nos-eua/eao.aspx

Legal English: Arizona's S.B. 1070 Supplement

9th Circuit Panel Upholds SB 1070 Injunction

NPR
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/04/11/135323275/key-parts-of-arizona-immigration-to-remain-on-hold

The Opinion
http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2011/04/11/10-16645_opinion.pdf

*******************************************************************

Jurist.org/Univ. of Pittsburgh
http://jurist.org/paperchase/2010/08/arizona-files-opening-brief-in-immigration-law-appeal.php

Probable Cause
http://www.policemag.com/Channel/Recruit/Articles/2010/05/Understanding-Probable-Cause.aspx

“Facially Unconstitutional” or “Unconstitutional As Applied”

http://elsterlaw.com/saint-louis-constitutional-law-attorney/facially-unconstitutional-unconstitutional-as-applied/

News Video
http://www.newsy.com/videos/arizona-s-sb1070-back-in-the-spotlight/

9th Circuit Announcement - Oral Arguments
http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/cm/articlefiles/236-Update_USAvArizona_Announcement.pdf

Video
http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov./media/view_subpage.php?pk_vid=0000006117

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClSk_OrHSIM

Case Filings
http://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca9/10-16645/

NPR Analysis
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130982809